Meta-Analyses of Gender Effects on Conversational Interruption: Who, What, When, Where, and How
نویسنده
چکیده
Meta-analyses of 43 published studies comparin g adult women’s and men’s interruption s during conversations were conducted. Combined sign ificance levels and com bined effect sizes were analyzed. Across studies‚ m en were sign ifican tly more likely than women to use interruption s. This difference‚ however‚ was associated with a negligible effect size (d = .15). A m ore substantial effect size (d = .33) was found when studies lookin g specifically at intrusive types of interruption were analyzed separately. Other moderator variables were found to be related to gender effects on the use of intrusive in terru ptio ns. Most n otably‚ reports of gen der d ifferen ces in in trusive interruptions were more likely and larger in magnitude when either women (versus men) were first authors‚ participan ts were observed in naturalistic (versus laboratory) settings‚ or participants were observed interactin g in groups of three or more persons (versus in dyads). These results lend support to a con textual-in teractive model of gender that emphasizes the im portan ce of situation al moderators on gender-related variation s in social behavior.
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